Saturday 31 March 2012

Walking in the Peak District

Sheep up in the peaks, enjoying the view

We only had about two weeks of really cold weather this winter, and only really two snowfalls (at least in London).  Dave was really keen to see some snow, having never really spent much time in it, so I think he was particularly excited when we decided to go walking in the Peak District.  Especially with a big snowfall having fallen a week earlier.  
The Peak District National Park, near Wetton
The icicles tinkled in the breeze
I was monitoring the weather report quite closely in the week leading up to our trip, as it looked like the route to our hotel went right through the heart of the national park and I wasn't sure about our non-existent snow driving skills.  Especially given no one seems to use snow chains in this country, they just drive on top of the snow.  I guess they go a little slower than normal, but that's about their only concession to the elements.

We were fooled a little by the name of this park, Peak District, seems to conjure up pictures of towering mountains, and wild, untouched forest.  But the highest "peak" is only 600m high, and, at least where we were, most of the landscape seems to be farmland.  It think the wildest animal you may come across is a sheep with a sore foot.  The name of the park actually comes from an Old English word, paec, which just means hill.  

The national park is squeezed in between Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham, not exactly picturesque cities.  But I think that is what makes this national park so important, it gave those people living in these big industrialised cities somewhere to escape to.  
Sheep in the fields
Coal also used to be mined here
Before it was a National Park though, it was very much a no-go area for the workers, private land reserved for grouse hunting, sheep farming and water catchment ares.  But the English really like their "rambling" and so they began to trespass on the land, figuring if a lot of them did it together, the gamekeepers guarding the land couldn't shoot them all at once.  One trespass had 500 people taking to the peaks and when the ringleaders of that event were given gaol sentences of a couple of months, for something which is not technically illegal, public opinion turned against the landowners, and the right to roam was born for the English rambler.  

And it's great what they achieved, because you are now allowed to basically wander over farmer's fields and all the stiles and gates are kept in really good condition.  I always thought Australians were a nation of people who enjoy the outdoors, but they have nothing on the English rambler.  Even in the dead of winter there were a surprising number of people out and about in the hills.
A but wilder, looking down the Manifold Valley
A lone tree 
The national parks here are a funny thing, we were in the southern region of the park, and were surprised to see so much farmland in what was meant to be national park.  The Peak District National Park was formed in 1951 and was the first one in the British isles, but a long time after the first in Australia, being in 1879.  I'm still not sure why there are farms throughout the national park here, but it seems that even those farms are now protected, and a lot of the land within the park is still owned by private landowners.  So definitely a different feel to the wild, remote national parks in Australia.  

Walking along the Manifold Valley, avoiding the ice path in the middle
I've found a great series of walking guides for the UK, they are the pathfinder guides, and they give you topographic maps and detailed walking routes in almost every location in the UK.  So having picked a good walk, the Manifold Valley, of only 10kms we thought we were in for a good few hours.  It was a bit dicey getting the the start of the walk, a tiny little village of Wetton, as the sat nav didn't seem to have any option to chose main roads only, and not tiny little goat tracks that it constantly tried to send us down.  All of which were covered in snow, I might add, and rather steep.  

The Manifold River
After inching our way down one particularly steep and snow-covered road we arrived at the valley floor, and the village.  Parking was also a challenge as the car park was covered in a thick sheet of ice, which increased the degree of difficulty of just  exiting the car.  Lucky for us it was another beautiful day in England, not a cloud in the sky, and no wind to speak of.  I do wonder what we would have done if it had been raining or snowing.  They have this thing here called freezing rain, which is not sleet (as you might think) but instead rain, that because of the temperature inversions, turns to ice as soon as it hits the ground.  That causes a lot of accidents on the motorways as you can imagine.






Stalactites in Wetton
The walls covered in ice-mucus
But anyway, our day could not have been more perfect.  One of the famous walks to do in this region is along the Dove valley, but the one we did runs parallel, is quieter and has very similar scenery.  It was really a walk of two halves.  

Starting in Wetton, we were immediately in the peaks, though still only 300-400m high, which is really ridiculously low.  Here everything was frozen, stalactites hanging from every available surface, and each blade of grass enclosed in it's own ice sheath.  Definitely a good snow introduction. 


The rolling hills of the Peak District, covered in snow, with our awesome new walking guide
A single blade of grass, encased in ice
It was here that we also discovered one of the difficulties with the lack of snow we had been getting.  The snow we were walking on was from about a week ago, and what with the warm days and cold nights a thick crust had formed, making it quite difficult to keep your balance.  Though I think this is partly due to lack of experience, as other people we saw seemed to have no difficulties striding across this ice sheet.  

The second half was much easier, after dropping down off the peaks we followed the Manifold River for about 5kms.  This part of the walk was created in 1937 and it follows the old Leek and Manifold Light Railway, which used to carry milk and a few tourists, but was only around for about 30 
Thor's cave in the hill, looking quite symmetrical
years, from 1904.  It's about halfway down the river that you come across an old mill, which used to ground corn until it closed in 1857.  And here is where we truly appreciate the rambling in England, being able to stop here for a warm cup of tea and a big slice of cake really felt luxurious, and made the second half of the walk a lot easier.







The entrance to Thor's cave
Just after our tea break, we round a corner and looking up you can see Thor's Cave, in a hill rising up from the river.  Archaeological excavations have shown that this cave was used in prehistoric times, as you can imagine, it was a massive cave, and close to water too.  I was pretty keen to get up to this cave, to see where real cavemen lived would have been a treat.  Unfortunately a lot of people before us had the same idea, and the staircase was now a frozen waterfall.  There were one or two points where we thought we may be stuck, but by throwing ourselves into the undergrowth we could inch closer to the cave.  In the end we were defeated, a combination of a sheer cliff and a frozen waterfall, meant that the closest we could get was about 20m from the entrance, but it was impossible to get inside.  And now we had a frozen waterfall to walk back down.

This was a particularly hard section to navigate, steep and incredibly icy, walking right next to the wall seemed to help

In the end we skirted around another hill and then it was just a matter of a few more fields, and a few more icy encounters, before Wetton came back into view.  All in all a great walk and then our nights stay in a luxurious hotel in Hope with an incredible dinner, made the sore muscles less painful. 
Ice forming in the Manifold River

Walking along the Wetton roads

Sunday 4 March 2012

Churchill Museum and Cabinet War Rooms

Churchill on the phone to the American President
Beneath a fairly dull looking office building, around the corner from the Houses of Parliament, there is a rather scary looking staircase, dripping with water.  The only sign that it isn't an entrance to a boiler room is the guard standing out the front, and a small sign pointing to the Cabinet War Rooms.  It was here, underneath the streets, that the British second world war effort was headquartered.  When the bombs were falling it was decided that the safest course of action was to head underground.  Though even with a 1.5m thick concrete slab placed over the top of the headquarters, a direct hit would have destroyed everything.

Once the war was over everyone moved out again, and the rooms fell into disuse, and their preservation was passed through a number of departments, including the Department of Works and the Department for the Environment.  During this time only very limited numbers of the public could visit.  Eventually the Imperial War Museum got their hands on it and redevelopment commenced.  Now it is quite popular and all the rooms are intact, as they were during the time of the war.  Half the space is taken up by these Cabinet War Rooms and the other half is taken up by a museum to Churchill.

The door Churchill walked through
The War Rooms were really quite interesting.  At the time junior staff members would work long hours and then sleep underground as well.  There were typists working around the clock.  Churchill and his wife both had rooms there as well, though I think Churchill only spent a total of 3 nights there, and his wife didn't spend any.  In one of the bedrooms, there was a bed and a desk, just another bedroom, except this one had a bit of carpet under the desk.  Apparently that used to be a sign of status in the civil service, the more senior workers got some carpet.  I wonder if that is still the case?

The Churchill part of the museum was good, I just think they were missing some interesting facets.  I didn't really know all that much about Churchill going in, just that he was the Prime Minister during the war and liked to give speeches.  They had an awful lot of his stuff, spread over his entire life, and to be honest it felt like because he had a museum devoted to him, they felt they had to gloss over certain points.  There was some mention of a debacle in the Dardanelles by Churchill, but this was never elaborated on.  Upon later reading I find out that Churchill was responsible for the failed Gallipoli landings.  You would think there would be some Australian and New Zealand visitors who may be interested in a bit of a discussion around that.

It seemed Churchill liked his good food
The spooky corridors
Another point which was glossed over was the annihilation of Churchill's party (the Conservatives) in the first election after the end of the Second World war.  At this point there hadn't been an election for 10 years, and you would think that Churchill's popularity would be sky-high, after just defeating the Germans.  Instead his party got destroyed by the Labour party, but again this wasn't really elaborated on, I mean why was he so disliked, having just led the country to victory?

I did like the part where they talked about what a workaholic Churchill was.  They gave you a timeline as to a typical day of his.  He would wake up at 8am, then have breakfast in bed whilst he read the papers.  Eventually he would get up at 10am and have a bath and get dressed before having some meetings.  Then a one and a half hour break for lunch, with wine, before more meetings/work in the afternoon.  He also managed to fit in an afternoon nap, then another bath, before having dinner in the evening, with more wine.  I think he would get to bed by 1am.  I'm thinking that actually doesn't sound that strenuous, an afternoon nap?!? During the second world war? 

Anyway I would suggest a visit if only for the Cabinet War rooms, they were really quite interesting to see, and the complimentary audio tour is one of the good ones.

In the map room, each pin hole is where a cargo ship was sunk, seems a bit unbelievable

Telephones in the map room